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| A |
| Abrasion Resistance |
| The resistance to scratching of a surface of paper by other paper surfaces or other materials. |
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| Absorbency |
| The ability of a material to take up moisture |
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| AC |
| Author's Correction |
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| Accuracy Percent |
| This is used to measure the numbers of characters correctly interpreted by a recognition engine. This digital process may be misleading because the recognition engine only reports the errors that it fails to identify or that are caught through post processing. |
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| Acetate |
| A transparent or translucent plastic sheet material of a variety of colors, used as a basis for artwork and overlays. |
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| Achromatic |
| The non-colors such as black, white and gray. |
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| Actinic Rays |
| Light exposure that affects chemical changes in paper. |
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| Additive Colors |
| In photographic reproduction, the primary colors of red, green and blue which are mixed to form all other colors. |
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| Alignment |
| The condition of type and or art materials as they level up on a horizontal or vertical line. |
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| Anchor Points |
| Refers to crosses or other marks placed in corners of documents to allow them to be consistently lined up within a computer systems memory enabling accurate finding of data and lining up of templates. |
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| Antique Finish |
| Paper with a rough, sized surface used for book and cover stock. |
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| Audit Trail |
| A printed report identifying where in the scanning process each document is located. |
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| Autofeeder |
| A device which is either integral to or added on to a paper scanner to accept a stack of paper and automatically feed pages. Autofeeders vary in their ability to accept differing thickness’, sizes and qualities of paper. As paper transitions from thick to thin, double feeds can occur. |
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| B |
| Bank Paper |
| A thin uncoated stock used for making carbon copies. |
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| Banker's Flap Envelope |
| Also called wallet flap; the wallet flap has more rounded flap edges. |
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| Basic sheet size of a business paper |
| 8 ½” x 11”; 8 ½” x 14”; 11” x 17”. |
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| Basic Size |
| This term refers to a standard size of paper stock; even though the |
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| Basis Weight |
| Basis or basic weight refers to the weight, in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to a given standard size for that particular paper grade.. |
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| Batch Control Sheets |
| coded pages usually with barcodes or OCR’able characters that automatically separate pages within a batch or separate batches. |
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| Batching |
| Collecting multiple pages together and separating with batch separators. Batches are either fixed quantities of single pages which can be counted to identify double feeds, or consist of multiple levels often based on three levels of index. Recently there has been some interest in using color-coded bars scanned with a color scanner to identify batches. |
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| BF |
| An abbreviation for boldface, used to determine where boldface copy is to be used. |
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| Binding |
| Various methods of securing folded sections together and or fastening them to a cover, to form single copies of a book. |
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| Bitonal |
| A term used to mean black and white images with no grayscale. Traditionally the main way to capture and store images of documents in document management systems. |
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| Bleed |
| Extra ink area that crosses trim line, used to allow for variations that occur when the reproduction is trimmed or die-cut. |
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| Bond |
| A grade of durable writing, printing and typing paper that has a standard size of 17x22 inches. |
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| Book |
| A general classification to describe papers used to print books; its standard size is 25x38 inches. A printed work which contains more than 64 pages. |
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| Book Scanning |
| Requires either specialized scanners or for the spline to be cut off. Flatbed scanners damage the spline and provide a fuzzy image at the edges. |
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| Bounce 1 |
| A registration problem, usually on copiers, where the image appears to bounce back and forth. A bounce usually occurs in one direction depending on how the paper is passing through the machine. This is usually accented by card stock (especially if it's over the machine's spec). |
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| Brightness |
| Light-reflecting property of paper or pulp. Brightness measurements compare paper and pulp with a reference standard (measured on a scale of 1 to 100). Bleached kraft pulps range in brightness from the low 80s to over 90 and unbleached mechanical pulps range from 55 to 62. |
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| Brochure |
| A pamphlet that is bound in booklet form. |
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| C |
| Calendar Board |
| A strong paperboard used for calendars and displays. |
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| Caliper |
| Thickness of paper in mils, or thousandths of an inch. |
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| Carbonless |
| Paper can often produce a very faint image. |
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| Card Stock |
| A heavyweight paper also known as Cover. Used as covers of catalogs, brochures, books or business cards. Cast Coated Paper coated and dried against a polished cylinder for a high-gloss finish. |
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| Check Digit |
| A mathematical formula that adds a digit onto a field. When the field is captured, the check digit can be used to verify that the data was converted correctly. |
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| Coated (Paper) |
| Paper coated with clay, white pigments and a binder. Better for printing because there is less picking. |
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| Collate |
| To gather sheets or signatures together in their correct order. |
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| Collating Marks |
| Black step-marks printed on the back of folded sheets, to facilitate collating and checking of the sequence of book signatures. |
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| Cover Paper |
| Heavyweight stock used for covers of catalogs, brochures, books or business cards. |
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| D |
| Dandy Roll |
| During the paper making process while the paper is still 90% water, it passes over a wire mesh cylinder (dandy roll), which imparts surface textures on the paper such as wove or laid. This is also the stage where the watermark is put onto the paper. |
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| Data Color |
| Refers to the color of the data that must be extracted and converted. |
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| Data Prep |
| A term covering one or all of the following manual actions: the opening of envelopes, unfolding of paper, removal of staples, repair of tears. |
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| Deckle Edge |
| The rough or feathered edge of paper when left untrimmed. |
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| Delete |
| An instruction given to remove an element from a layout. |
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| Density |
| The lay of paper fibers relative to tightness or looseness, which affects the bulk, the absorbency and the finish of the paper. |
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| Digital Proof |
| Color separation data is digitally stored and then exposed to color photographic paper creating a picture of the final product before it is actually printed. |
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| Double Feed |
| The feeding of two sheets of paper at once. Sometimes on roller based scanners this can occur so cleanly that it cannot be detected. |
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| DP |
| "Dual Purpose" for use in printing and copying. |
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| Drill |
| The actual drilling of holes into paper for ring or comb binding. |
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| Drop-Out Ink |
| Inks that are not visible to the light spectrum of the scanner. Can either be pastels, particularly in the yellow/green range or specific color inks that match the color of the light source. New color scanners often include the ability to remove, or drop-out specific colors. Users want to drop-out background colors in order to capture the foreground information so as to apply OCR or some other recognition to it. |
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| Duplex |
| Process of printing both sides of the paper. |
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| Duplex Scanning |
| The ability to scan both sides of a piece of paper in one pass |
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| E |
| Edit Checks |
| Refers to the validation of types of fields. for example a field can be numeric only, alphabetic only or a specific pattern. |
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| Electronic Composition |
| The assembly of characters into words, lines and paragraphs of text or body matter with graphic elements in page layout form in digital format for reproduction by printing. |
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| Electronic Proof |
| A process of generating a prepress proof in which paper is electronically exposed to the color separation negatives; the paper is passed through the electrically charged pigmented toners, which adhere electrostatically, resulting in the finished proof. |
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| Embossed |
| A method of paper finishing whereby a pattern is pressed into the paper when it is dry. |
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| Embossing |
| To raise in relief a design or letters already printed on card stock or heavy paper by an uninked block or die. In rubber and plastic plate making the process is usually done by heat. |
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| Endorser |
| Usually provided with a programmable ink-jet, provides a method of printing on scanned documents to ensure that all the pages are scanned. Also provides a method to find specific pages. |
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| Estimate |
| The form used by the printer to calculate the project for the print buyer. This form contains the basic parameters of the project including size, quantity, colors, bleeds, photos etc. |
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| Estimator |
| One who computes or approximates the cost of work to be done on which quotation may be based. |
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| F |
| Finish |
| The surface quality of paper. |
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| Fire Damage |
| Causes charring of paper and can cause degradation or destruction of image. The image can sometimes be reconstructed electronically. Also can make paper very brittle which means that a straight through scanner should be used to create the images. |
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| Fire Protection |
| In paper intensive environments dry extinguishers should be installed in outsource vendor. Standard sprinklers cause paper damage (see water damage) |
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| Fit |
| The registration of items within a given page. |
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| Flatbed Scanners |
| Scanners that contain an autofeeder and a piece of glass where the paper can be placed and scanned. Is useful for certain non-standard papers, but is slow and not good for production scanning. |
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| Folio or Page Number |
| Number of page at top or bottom either centered, flushed left or flushed right often with running headline. |
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| Font |
| The characters which make up a complete typeface and size. |
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| Free sheet |
| Any paper that is free from wood pulp impurities. |
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| G |
| Gather |
| To assemble or collect sections into single copies of complete books for binding. |
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| Gathering |
| Assembling sheets of paper and signatures into their proper sequence; collating. |
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| Grain |
| Direction of fibers in a sheet of paper governing paper properties such as increased size changes with relative humidity, across the grain, and better folding properties along the grain. |
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| Gripper |
| Metal clamp that grabs the leading edge of a sheet and control its path through a press. |
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| H |
| Head Margin |
| That space which lies between the top of the printed copy and the trimmed edge. |
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| Holdout |
| Coated paper with low ink absorption has good holdout. The ink sets on the surface of the paper and tends to be sharper. |
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| House Sheet |
| This is a term that refers to a paper that a printer keeps on hand in his shop. |
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| I |
| ICR |
| Literally, Intelligent Character Recognition. Initially used as a term to differentiate Kurzweil’s OCR from other vendor’s products. Recently come to mean hand print recognition. Usually related to neural net technologies, can be used also to identify marks such as check-off boxes or stylized pattern fonts such as OCR-A, OCR-B or MICR. |
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| Index Bristol |
| A relatively thick paper stock; basis size---25 1/2 x 30 1/2. |
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| Indicia |
| Markings pre-printed on mailing envelopes to replace the stamp. |
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| Industrial Papers |
| A term used to denote papers such as janitorial, sanitary or heavy packing papers. |
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| Inserts |
| Extra printed pages inserted loosely into printed pieces. |
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| Interleaves |
| Extra blank pages inserted loosely into book after printing. |
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| ISO sheet Sizes |
| Common sizes of sheets of paper used in the graphic arts and printing industry outside of North America are ISO Sheets. ISO (International Standards Organization) sizes use the metric system and are measured in millimeters. The A0 sheet (841x1189mm) is one square meter and smaller sizes are A1, A2, A3, A4. Also Known As A sizes. |
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| Italic |
| Text that is used to denote emphasis by slanting the type body forward. |
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| K |
| Kraft |
| A coarse unbleached paper used for printing and industrial products. |
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| L |
| Laid Finish |
| A parallel lined paper that has a handmade look. |
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| Laser Papers |
| Papers with special coatings or hard finishes that are optimized for laser printers and copiers. |
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| Layout |
| A rendition that shows the placement of all the elements, roughs, thumbnails etc., of the final printed piece before it goes to print. |
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| Ledger Paper |
| A stiff heavy business paper generally used for keeping records. |
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| Letterspacing |
| The addition of space between typeset letters. |
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| Levels of Index |
| Documents may be filed by ‘cabinet’, ‘file’, and folder. This represents a 3 level index. |
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| Logotype |
| A personalized type or design symbol for a company or product. |
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| M |
| M weight |
| The actual weight of 1000 sheets of any given size of paper. |
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| Mainframe |
| Often needed to provide validation tables which may be down loaded. Service provider must be able to provide data and images in readable format on acceptable media. |
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| Margin |
| Imprinted space around edge of page. |
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| Mark-up |
| To write up instructions, as on a dummy. |
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| Matte Finish |
| A coated paper finish that goes through minimal calendaring. |
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| Microfilming |
| Refers to the ability to capture images on microfilm concurrently with digital media. Can be useful for human readable archival data |
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| N |
| Natural |
| A term to describe papers that have a color similar to that of wood; also called cream, off-white or ivory. |
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| Newsprint |
| A light, low cost groundwood paper made especially for newspapers. Reference, groundwood. |
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| Nominal Weight |
| When the basis weight of paper differs from the actual weight, the term nominal weight is used. |
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| O |
| OCR |
| Optical Character Recognition. A method of using pattern recognition of images of characters to create computer readable data. different OCR software works better than others on certain types of data. |
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| Offset Paper |
| A term for uncoated book paper. |
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| OMR |
| Optical Mark Recognition. Sometimes called mark sense. Conversion of check-off marks to meaningful data. Simple and accurate way to capture survey type information automatically from people. |
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| Onionskin |
| A light bond paper used for typing and used with carbon paper because of its thinness. |
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| Opacity |
| Quality of papers that defines its opaqueness or ability to prevent two-sided printing from showing through. |
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| Opaque |
| A quality of paper that allows relatively little light to pass through. |
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| P |
| Page |
| One side of a leaf. |
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| Page Makeup |
| The assemblage of all the necessary elements required to complete a page. |
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| Page Proofs |
| Proofs made up from pages. |
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| Paper Size |
| Varies from business card size to 11x17 in business documents. |
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| Paperboard |
| Any paper with a thickness (caliper) of 12 points (.3mm) or more. |
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| Parchment |
| A hard finished paper that emulates animal skin; used for documents, such as awards, that require writing by hand. |
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| Parent Sheet |
| A sheet that is larger than the cut stock of the same paper. |
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| Paste-up |
| Preparation of positive materials into a layout for photographing to film negatives. |
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| PCW |
| (Post Consumer Waste) Percentage of fiber used in the process of making paper that has been previously used. |
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| Perf Marks |
| Markings usually dotted lines at edges showing where perforations should occur. |
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| Perfect |
| A term used to describe the binding process where the signatures of a book are held together by a flexible adhesive. |
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| Perfect Binding |
| Binding process where backs of sections are cut off, roughened and glued together, and rung in a cover. |
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| Perforating |
| Punching small holes or slits in a sheet of paper or cardboard to facilitate tearing along a desired line. |
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| Pin Register |
| Using metal pins fitted into preset holes of copy sheets, films, plates and presses that will assure the proper registration. |
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| Pinholing |
| Failure of printed ink to form a completely continuous film, visible in the form of small holes in the printed areas. |
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| Plastic Comb |
| A method of binding books whereby holes are drilled on the side closest the spine, and a plastic grasping device is inserted to hold the pages together. |
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| Premium |
| Any paper that is considered better than #1 by its manufacturer. |
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| Process Inks |
| Printing inks, usually in sets of four colors. The most frequent combination is yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, which are printed, one over another in that order, to obtain a colored print with the desired hues, whites, blacks, and grays. |
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| Process Printing |
| Printing from two or more half tones to produce intermediate colors and shades. |
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| R |
| Rag paper |
| Paper made from cotton cuttings and linters, usually referred to as cotton-fiber paper. |
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| Ream |
| 500 sheets of paper. |
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| Recovered paper |
| Paper collected for the purpose of recycling. |
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| Recycled content paper |
| Paper made from previously used and recovered fiber. Recycled paper is labeled by the amount and type of its fiber content. Recycled paper content is often stated in a fraction such as 50/20, which indicates a total of 50% recycled fiber, of which 20% is post-consumer content. The remainder would be virgin fiber. |
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| Reflectance |
| Refers to how much the ink and background paper reflect the light within the scanner. Affects the quality of image. |
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| Repair |
| Refers to the manual keyboard correction of characters wrongly converted by OCR or ICR required size may be smaller or larger. |
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| Runability |
| A term used to describe how well a paper runs on a printing press. |
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| Running Head |
| A title at the top of a page that appears on all pages of a book or chapter of a book. |
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| S |
| Saddle Stitching |
| Stitching where the wire staples pass through the spine from the outside and are clinched in the center. Only used with folded sections, either single sections or two or more sections inset to form a single section. |
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| Safety Paper |
| A paper that shows sign of erasure so that it cannot be altered or tampered with easily. |
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| Satin Finish |
| A smooth delicately embossed finished paper with sheen. |
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| Scanning Paper |
| The conversion of a page to a digital representation. Normally a page is broken into 200x200 or 300x300 dots per inch (dpi) |
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| Schema |
| The defined layout for a specific business document using XML syntax |
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| Screen Angles |
| Technique used in 4 color printing which sets halftone screens at various angles to avoid moiré patterns. |
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| Set-Up |
| The process of creating a new job |
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| Skew |
| The angling of the paper which can cause failure of OCR - some scanners will angle small paper badly. |
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| Spiral Bind |
| A binding whereby a wire or plastic is spiraled through holes punched along the binding side. |
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| Stock |
| A term for unprinted paper or other material to be printed. |
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| Substitutions |
| Traditionally the most expensive errors to correct. Consists of those characters that a recognition engine is convinced it got right but that are in fact wrong. High levels of 'accuracy' reported by an OCR engine can mean that there are many substitutions. The alternative is to set tolerances very high -- then the engine will often report low accuracy -- but there may be many correctly interpreted characters which are labeled wrong. |
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| Sulfate Pulp |
| Paper pulp from wood chips and pressure-cooked in a solution of caustic soda and sodium sulfide. Also known as kraft. |
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| Sulfite Pulp |
| Paper pulp made from wood chips and pressure-cooked in a solution of bisulfate of lime. |
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| T |
| Tag |
| A dense, strong paper stock. |
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| Text Paper |
| Fine quality papers often used for announcements, booklets, annual reports, and other jobs where a variety of surface textures and colors are desired. |
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| Thermography |
| A printing process whereby slow drying ink is applied to paper and while the ink is still wet, it is lightly dusted with a resinous powder. The paper then passes through a heat chamber where the powder melts and fuses with the ink to produce a raised surface. |
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| Transport |
| The method by which the paper is moved past the digitizing scanner. Affects speed of throughput and types of paper |
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| Tumble Printed |
| Refers to those double-sided papers that get turned over from top to bottom. Requires duplex scanner to rotate 180 degrees |
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| V |
| Validation |
| Performed against totals or against downloaded tables to ensure accuracy of data. |
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| Vellum |
| A toothy surface, relatively absorbent for good ink penetration. |
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| Verification |
| The only proven way to ensure 100% data accuracy as opposed to 99.x%. Requires the re-keying of all data by a separate party. |
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| Voting |
| A method of improving recognition through the use of multiple recognition engines, voting on the result. |
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| W |
| Watermark |
| A translucent logo that is embossed during the papermaking process while the paper slurry is on the dandy roll. Reference, dandy roll. |
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| Writing Paper |
| Another name for bond paper. |
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| X |
| Xerographic Paper |
| Papers made to reproduce well in copy machines and laser printers. |
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| XML |
| eXtensible markup language provides content and structure for B2B based forms through allowing fields and structures to be tagged and layout to be enforced. |
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| XSL |
| eXtensible style language defines the styles associated with XML files. |
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| XSLT |
| eXtensible Style Language Translation allows for XML formatted documents to be automatically translated and reformatted. |
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Business Paper